Guide · 11 min read · 2026 edition

    The US expat tax guide

    FEIE, FBAR, totalization, state tax, and the 7 forms every American abroad needs to know.

    The 5 things every US expat must do

    1. 1

      File a 1040 every year — even if you owe nothing

      The US is one of two countries (with Eritrea) that taxes worldwide income for citizens. Filing keeps FEIE eligible and avoids penalties. Automatic 2-month extension to June 15 if you live abroad on April 15; further to October 15 with Form 4868.

    2. 2

      Qualify for FEIE (Form 2555)

      Physical Presence Test (330 days outside US in any rolling 12-month period) OR Bona Fide Residence Test (a full calendar year resident elsewhere). FEIE excludes up to $130k (2025) of earned income from federal income tax. Doesn't cover SE tax, doesn't cover passive income.

    3. 3

      File FBAR if your foreign accounts crossed $10k

      FinCEN Form 114. Combined balance of all foreign accounts. Even if just briefly above $10k at any point. Filed separately at bsaefiling.fincen.treas.gov. Free, takes 15 minutes. Don't skip — penalties are enormous.

    4. 4

      Claim Foreign Tax Credit on anything above FEIE

      Live in a high-tax country (UK, France, Germany)? Income over $130k may benefit more from FTC than FEIE. Form 1116. Dollar-for-dollar credit against US tax for foreign taxes paid on the same income.

    5. 5

      Exit your US state cleanly

      CA, NY, VA, NM are aggressive. Establish domicile in a no-tax state (TX, FL, NV, SD, WA) BEFORE moving abroad — DL, voter registration, mailbox, banking. Or fully establish residency in your foreign country, with treaty proof.

    Forms cheat sheet

    1040

    Your main return. Always required.

    Schedule C + SE

    If self-employed. SE tax is 15.3% on worldwide self-employment income.

    Form 2555

    Foreign Earned Income Exclusion ($130k cap in 2025).

    Form 1116

    Foreign Tax Credit. Often pairs with or replaces FEIE.

    FBAR (FinCEN 114)

    Foreign account report. Threshold: $10k aggregate. Separate from tax return.

    Form 8938

    FATCA reporting. Threshold: $200k single / $300k joint at year-end (or 2x mid-year).

    Form 5471

    If you own ≥10% of a foreign corporation. Heavy form — get professional help.

    Form 8858

    Foreign disregarded entity (like a single-member foreign LLC).

    Form 3520

    Foreign trusts and large gifts from non-US persons over $100k.

    Countries with US Totalization Agreements

    Live in one of these and pay into their social security system? You can opt out of US SE tax via a Certificate of Coverage.

    Australia
    Austria
    Belgium
    Brazil
    Canada
    Chile
    Czech Republic
    Denmark
    Finland
    France
    Germany
    Greece
    Hungary
    Iceland
    Ireland
    Italy
    Japan
    Luxembourg
    Netherlands
    Norway
    Poland
    Portugal
    Slovakia
    Slovenia
    South Korea
    Spain
    Sweden
    Switzerland
    United Kingdom
    Uruguay

    Expat-ready books

    SnapBooks handles multi-currency income, FEIE-day tracking, and gives your expat accountant a clean Schedule C in 60 seconds.

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    Related

    Frequently asked questions

    Do US citizens living abroad have to file US taxes?+

    Yes. The US taxes citizens on worldwide income regardless of where they live. You file Form 1040 every year, even if you owe nothing. Skipping it can void FEIE and trigger penalties for missing forms like FBAR.

    What is the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion (FEIE)?+

    FEIE lets US citizens abroad exclude up to $130,000 (2025) of earned income from US income tax. You qualify by either the Physical Presence Test (330+ days outside the US in any 12-month period) or the Bona Fide Residence Test (a full tax year as a resident of another country). File Form 2555.

    Do I still owe self-employment tax abroad?+

    Yes — FEIE doesn't shield SE tax. The 15.3% Social Security + Medicare tax applies to self-employment income earned anywhere in the world. Exception: if you live in a country with a US Totalization Agreement (UK, Germany, Spain, Japan, Canada, etc.) and pay into their social security system, you can opt out with a Certificate of Coverage.

    What is FBAR and do I need to file it?+

    FBAR (FinCEN Form 114) reports foreign bank accounts. Required if the combined balance of all your foreign accounts exceeded $10,000 at any point during the year. Filed separately from your tax return, due April 15 (automatic extension to October 15). Penalties for missing it are severe — up to $10k per account per year.

    What about state tax if I live abroad?+

    States like California, New York, Virginia, and New Mexico are sticky — they keep taxing you until you formally establish residency elsewhere. Domicile change usually requires: new driver's license, voter registration, primary bank accounts, and severing ties (selling property, no spouse remaining there).

    Can I claim both FEIE and Foreign Tax Credit?+

    Yes, but not on the same income. Common strategy: use FEIE for income up to $130k, then use Foreign Tax Credit (Form 1116) on the income above the FEIE cap. Run both calculations — sometimes FTC alone is better, especially in high-tax countries like France or Germany.

    What forms does a US expat file?+

    At minimum: Form 1040, Form 2555 (FEIE) or 1116 (FTC), Schedule C if self-employed, Schedule SE, and FBAR. Add Form 8938 if foreign financial assets exceed $200k (single, end of year) / $300k (any time). Add 5471 if you own >10% of a foreign corporation. Add 8865 for foreign partnerships.

    General information, not personalized tax advice. International tax is individual — work with a US expat tax professional.